How to Find the Meaning and Origin of Your Surname

How to Find the Meaning and Origin of Your Surname With a few exceptions, hereditary surnames- the last names passed down through the male family lines- didnt exist until about 1000 years ago. While it may be hard to believe in todays world of passports and retinal scans, surnames just werent necessary before that. The world  was much less crowded than it is today, and most folks never ventured more than a few miles from their place of birth.  Every man knew his neighbors, so  first, or given names, were the only designations necessary.  Even kings got by with a single name. During the middle ages, as families got bigger and villages got a bit more crowded, individual names became inadequate to distinguish friends and neighbors from one another. One John might be called John son of William to distinguish him from his neighbor, John the smith, or his friend John of the dale. These secondary names, werent quite yet the surnames as we know them today, however, because they werent passed down from father to son. John, son of William, for example, might have a son known as Robert, the fletcher (arrow maker). Last names that were passed down unchanged from one generation to the next first came into use in Europe about 1000 A.D., beginning in southern areas and gradually spreading northward. In many countries, the use of hereditary surnames began with the nobility who often called themselves after their ancestral seats. Many of the gentry, however, did not adopt surnames until the 14th century, and it was not until about 1500 A.D. that most surnames became inherited and no longer transformed with a change in a persons appearance, job, or place of residence. Surnames, for the most part, drew their meanings from the lives of men in the Middle Ages, and their origins can be divided into four main categories: Patronymic Surnames Patronymics- last names derived from a fathers name- were widely used in forming surnames, especially in the Scandinavian countries. Occasionally, the name of the mother contributed the surname, referred to as a matronymic surname. Such names were formed by adding a prefix or suffix denoting either son of or daughter of. English and Scandinavian names ending in son are patronymic surnames, as are many names prefixed with the Gaelic Mac, the Norman Fitz, the Irish O, and the Welsh ap. Examples: The son of John (Johnson), son of Donald (MacDonald), son of Patrick (Fitzpatrick), son of Brien (OBrien), son of Howell (ap Howell). Place Names or Local Names One of the most common ways to differentiate one man from his neighbor was to describe him in terms of his geographic surroundings or location (similar to describing a friend as the one who lives down the street). Such local names denoted some of the earliest instances of surnames in France, and were quickly introduced into England by the Norman nobility who chose names based on the locations of their ancestral estates. If a person or family migrated from one place to another, they were often identified by the place they came from. If they lived near a stream, cliff, forest, hill, or other geographic feature, this might be used to describe them. Some last names can still be traced back to their exact place of origin, such as a particular city or county, while others have origins lost in obscurity (Atwood lived near a wood, but we dont know which one). Compass directions were another common geographic identification in the Middle Ages (Eastman, Westwood). Most geographic-based surname s are easy to spot, though the evolution of language has made others less obvious, i.e. Dunlop (muddy hill). Examples: Brooks lived along a brook; Churchill lived near a church on a hill; Neville came from Neville-Seine-Maritime, France or Neuville (New Town), a common place name in France; Parris came from- you guessed it- Paris, France. Descriptive Names (Nicknames) Another class of surnames, those derived from a physical or other characteristic of ​the  first bearer, make up an estimated 10% of all surname or family names. These descriptive surnames are thought to have originally evolved as nicknames during the Middle Ages when men created nicknames or pet names for his neighbors and friends based on personality or physical appearance. Thus, Michael the strong became Michael Strong and black-haired Peter became Peter Black. Sources for such nicknames included: an unusual size or shape of the body, bald heads, facial hair, physical deformities, distinctive facial features, skin or hair coloring, and even emotional disposition. Examples: Broadhead, a person with a large head; Baines (bones), a thin man; Goodman, a generous individual; Armstrong, strong in the arm Occupational Names The last class of surnames to develop reflect the occupation or status of the first bearer. These occupational last names, derived from the specialty crafts and trades of the medieval period, are fairly self-explanatory. A Miller was essential for grinding flour from grain, a Wainwright was a wagon builder, and Bishop was in the employ of a Bishop. Different surnames often developed from the same occupation based on the language of the country of origin (Mà ¼ller, for example, is German for Miller). Examples:  Alderman, an official clerk of the court; Taylor, one that makes or repairs garments; Carter, a maker/driver of carts; Outlaw, an outlaw or criminal Despite these basic surname classifications, many last names  or surnames of today seem to defy explanation. The majority of these are probably corruptions of the original surnames- variations that have become disguised almost beyond recognition.  Surname spelling  and pronunciation has evolved over many centuries, often making it hard for current generations to determine the origin and evolution of their surnames. Such  family name derivations, resulting from a variety of factors, tend to confound both genealogists and etymologists. It is fairly common for different branches of the same family to carry different last names, as the majority of English and American surnames have, in their history, appeared in four to more than a dozen variant spellings. Therefore, when researching the origin of your surname, it is important to work your way back through the generations in order to determine the  original family name, as the surname that you carry now may have an entirely different meaning than the surname of your distant ancestor. It is also important to remember that some surnames, though their origins may appear obvious, arent what they seem. Banker, for example, is not an occupational surname, instead meaning dweller on a hillside.

Eight people are traveling to Sticklehaven

Eight people are traveling to Sticklehaven, where they will catch a boat to Indian Island. They have been invited to spend a week on holiday on the island, but for each it was a vague invitation. Each is curious about what awaits them, and they have very diverse expectations. Most are traveling by train; Marston and Dr. Armstrong are driving. There are eight in all: Vera expects to be employed as a secretary; Blore is a private investigator hired to come to the island for a week; and the rest are guests. Several arrive in one train, and are surprised when they are all greeted by a single cab. A man named Fred Narracott ferries them from Sticklehaven to Indian Island. Dr. Armstrong, who does not drive very quickly, arrives late, and is taken over to the island on a second trip. When they arrive at the island, they find that their hosts have been delayed. Vera finds her room very large for that of a secretary, decorated in a modern styleit is a very modern house. There is a marble bear on her mantle, and a nursery rhyme is hanging on the wall. It is about "ten little niggers," and she recognizes it from her youth. In it, the "niggers" die off one by one, until there are none. The butler and the maid, a married couple (the Rogers), are providing for the guests despite the hosts' absence, and they soon serve dinner. The guests enjoy a delicious dinner, and loosen up somewhat. Suddenly they hear a mechanical voice. It accuses each of them of being responsible for someone's death. The guests are shocked and infuriated. The maid, Mrs. Rogers, faints and then is taken to her room to sleep. They discover that the voice came from a record player. The butler had been given directions to set it to play. After the guests help Mrs. Rogers, they begin to discuss their situation. Each explains his or her invitation to the island. The group is shocked that whoever masterminded the invitations was able to impersonate various old friends and spec...

The Roles of Product Life Cycle Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Roles of Product Life Cycle - Case Study Example The main objective of product policy is to evaluate the risks and hazards that a product can cause during its life cycle by incorporating all the phases of product development, the possible players, trade policy and procurement, economic instruments, materials regulations, inter-trade agreements, environmental and labeling laws, and product design (Charter & Tischner, 2001). For this reason, product policy encompasses corporate policy and planning, development, portfolio management, life cycle assessment, brand management and marketing strategy. The other key concerns are reflecting good science, protecting confidential business information, avoiding technical barriers to trade and ensuring that a product has timely access to appropriate markets around the world (Gorchels, 2007). In effect, product policy refers to all aspects of development and management of a firm’s product, including branding and packaging. It also looks at key issues related to the 4Ps of marketing  œ product, price, place and promotion – to determine if the product will have good exchange value, at what price will it appeal to consumers, which particular market should it be addressed, and what marketing strategies should be employed to actualise the desired sales transaction.The initial step in observing an effective product policy is to define the core product, such that in the case of a car manufacturer like BMW, the firm decides if it will be a luxury top-of-the-line vehicle or a moderately priced sedan. Then the firm assesses the benefits that customers will derive from the core product. Next, the product is built around the core, which involves the design, packaging and the features calculated to provide the desired benefits and quality. Good practice of product management dictates that a new product stays longer at the

Platos Allegory of the Cave Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Platos Allegory of the Cave - Essay Example The prisoners come up with a guessing game on what the images they see on the wall could be. The one who gets his guess right on what the next object to appear is gets praised by his fellow prisoners and is viewed as a master of nature, even though none of these things they guess have they seen or known.Plato finds a problem with this kind of knowledge where people believe in truth in things they have even not seen or experienced. Plato has his own view of how people should perceive and arrive at truth in their daily encounters in life. The first perception is: sensory perception. This entails the world as it appears, how we see it, feel it using our senses. The second kind of perception is spiritual perception. This comes about after we ignore the sensory perception and set out to seek deeper insight on the basic knowledge we have (Herman 2013). This previous perception happens to be Plato’s ideal philosophy of all time and the ideal kind of concept.Aristotle’s rhetori c can best be defined as the art of observing the necessary cause of persuasion in any given situation. According to Aristotle’s Rhetoric, he finds it okay for people to talk about things (ideal) they envision or have heard about as though they were actually in touch with them (Rorty, 1996). In his view this believe in the vision would bring them even closer to these ideal. Aristotle believed that human beings had the ability to look at how communications happen around them and deduce meaning and come up with convincing arguments.

Humanities Today Essay Example for Free

Humanities Today Essay For as long as humankind has existed so have art, music, architecture, literature, and philosophy. The University of Phoenix (2009) defines humanities as â€Å"an approach to study that emphasizes ideas and values through analysis of modes of cultural expression, philosophical and religious thought, and modes of human communication† (University of Phoenix, Week One Supplement). Gloria K. Fiero (2006) further defines humanities as literature, philosophy, history, architecture, visual arts, music, and dance (p. 4). Humanities impact daily life without many people being aware of their presence. What distinguishes humanities from other modes of human inquiry and expression is that they focus on ideas and values, not simply the production or result of an action. This paper will provide current examples of visual art, music, architecture, philosophy, and literature and analyze how they reflect current developments in politics, socioeconomics, and technology. Visual art can be, but is not limited to, painting, sculpture, and photography. Classic paintings by renowned artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Claude Monet, Vincent Van Gogh, and Pablo Picasso are still considered masterpieces in today’s society but are not enjoyed by the common population the way that graphic and digital art have in the past century. Graphic and digital technology have become the means by which visual art is to be viewed and cherished among the mass population in a way that has never been available in history. Today’s society has become focused on instant gratification. Changes are expected to be made in politics overnight, struggles in socioeconomics demand rectification within weeks (even though they took years to create), and advancements in technology feeds society’s dependence on better, faster, and stronger tools. Unfortunately, visual art has become victim to this need for instant gratification. No longer are single masterpieces created by the flow of an artist’s hands, shaping and molding art into a creation of his or her soul. Instead, art is generated digitally by the click of a mouse and a selection of color and size from a predefined chart. The art can then be mass-distributed and mass-produced around the world in the matter of minutes. The creativity is still there, but the love generated through the time and patience required to construct that art by hand is no longer there. With the flood of self-help books saturating the market, literature also reflects society’s need for instant gratification. Self-help books are a reflection of the current socioeconomic state in which everyone is looking for a way to better his or her life instantly. Politicians have indirectly supported this literary genre by focusing and promoting what is wrong in the country and in each other. For example, if a politician has shortcomings in his or her public speaking abilities, the opposing political party will ridicule that person publicly. Citizens who feel they also do not have strong speaking skills and fear being mocked may then be compelled to purchase a self-help book on public speaking. As technology has advanced, self-help books have become a wonderful tool for individuals struggling to learn how to use the newest electronic devices. One popular technology self-help series is the For Dummies books. The books began in 1991 with â€Å"DOS for Dummies† (Johnson, 2006, para. 3), but they have now sold over 150 million Dummies books in 39 languages. Many people have benefited from the simple, helpful language used in these books, but not all self-help books are created equal. Some self-help books offer a quick solution that often leaves individuals feeling worse than when they began. Striving for self-improvement is excellent; however, self-help books can sometimes do more harm than good. Music in today’s society can also do more harm than good when presented to an impressionable mind. Music has always been used as a means of creatively reflecting political and socioeconomic issues, but since the inception of the Rap and Heavy Metal music genres, discontent, anger, and frustration have become common and wide-spread in music over the past 50 years. Songs about drug use, suicide, murder, and rape and those that use explicit language are common in these two genres of music and have begun to permeate other forms of music. This reflects not only society’s discontent with the current political and socioeconomic state, but it also reflects society’s tolerance and acceptance of freedom of speech. The sound of music, the production of music, and the enjoyment of music have evolved as technology evolves. New sounds that have never been possible before are now available through technology. Music is now available anywhere through the use of an MP3 player or cell phone. No longer does a person have to stop and listen to a musician; music can be played at any time. This fills society’s need for instant gratification. Today’s architecture also caters to the on-the-go lifestyles of society. Bigger, stronger, smarter, and faster are all ideas and values visibly manifested in current architecture. The aesthetic appeal of a building has given way to designs which exploit opportunities to get the most for the money. A recent trend which reflects a change of political and socioeconomic initiatives is building environmentally-friendly structures. That means creating a building that produces little waste, uses alternative power solutions, and emits minimum greenhouse toxins. Advances in technology have made these structures possible; however, they cost additional money to construct, and businesses and individuals are charged more money to use them than a traditionally built structure. Instant gratification, the struggle for self-improvement, tolerance and acceptance, and the idea of making as much money as possible are all philosophies in today’s society. Each is reflected in art, literature, music, and architecture, but as a whole, they make up the philosophy of society through their ideas and values. Developments in politics, socioeconomics, and technology have all played a part in creating these philosophies, but they are visibly manifested in the humanities. One can only wonder how the current humanities will be viewed and analyzed 50 or 100 years from now. The examples this paper has provided of visual art, music, architecture, philosophy, and literature demonstrate how current developments in politics, socioeconomics, and technology are reflected. As politics, socioeconomics, and technology change so too will art, music, architecture, philosophy, and literature. They are a reflection of one another and intertwined in their evolution. References Fiero, Gloria K. (2007). The humanistic tradition (5th ed). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Johnson, Doug (2006, October). For dummies books are popular learning aids. Retrieved from http://www. voanews. com/specialenglish/archive/2006-10/2006-10-12-voa1. cfm University of Phoenix (2009). Week One supplement: Humanities Terminology. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, Week One, HUM102 – Introduction to the Humanities website.

The Ue of Diet pills among adolescent girls Essay -- essays research p

The Use of Diet Pills among Adolescent Girls Dieting is a common occurrence in our country, but dieting is most common among adolescent girls. Since millions of Americans try to lose weight every year, many of them turn to weight-loss pills for help (MFMER 2004). Dieting may place the risk of using unhealthy weight control behaviors such as diet pills (Eisenberg, Neumark-Sztainer, Story, & Perry 2004). A study by the CDC showed that 10.9 percent of adolescent girls use diet pills as their weight-loss strategy (Eisenberg, Neumark-Sztainer, Story, & Perry 2004). The study showed that 10.9 percent of adolescent girls use diet pills as their weight-loss strategy (Eisenberg, Neumark-Sztainer, Story, & Perry 2004). The quest for weight loss and the use of this weight-loss strategy is thought to be an unhealthy weight behavior that is led from the consumer world (Eisenberg, Neumark-Sztainer, Story, & Perry 2004). The appeal of losing weight quickly is often too hard to pass up (MFMER 2004). During early adolescence, the onset of body dissatisfaction, dieting, and other problem weight loss behavior occurs (Garry, Morrissey, and Whetstone 2002). In a weight-centered approach to health, thinness is viewed as a crucial goal for optimum health, and thus one to be strived by all, including starting at an early age (Cogan 1999). As much as 40 percent to 70 percent of the US population is trying to lose weight at any given time, with young women being the most likely to be struggling with their weight (Cogan 1999). According to the Center for disease control, 59.4 percent of adolescent girls report trying to lose weight in the past 30 days (Eisenberg, Neumark-Sztainer, Story, & Perry 2004). Studies of middle school students have reported that between 30 percent and 55 percent have dieted at some time (Eisenberg, Neumark-Sztainer, Story, & Perry 2004). Also a recent review in 2004 indicated that 41 to 66 percent of teenage girls have attempted the use of a weight loss strategy to achieve their goal (Dieting 2004). About one third of normal dieter’s progress to other problem dieting behaviors using tactics such as diet pills (Eisenberg, Neumark-Sztainer, Story, & Perry 2004). The use of diet pills to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight was reported by 7.1 percent of students in a study conducted 5,770 students (Eisenberg, Neumark-Sztaine... ...and their weight, helping them find healthy alternatives to weight loss and providing them with nutritional guidance can be achieved to avoid diet pill use. References: Cogan, Jeanine (1999). Dieting, Weight, and Health: Reconceptualizing Research and Policy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Journal of Social Issues, 55(2), pp187-205. Dieting in Adolescence. Pediatrics and Child Health, 9 (7), p487 – 491. Eisenberg, M. Neumark-Sztainer, D., Story, M., and C. Perry (2004). The Role of Social Norms   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  and Friends’ influences on Unhealthy Weight-control Behaviors among Adolescent Girls.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Social Science and Medicine, 60(6), p1165-1173. Garry, J., Morrissey, S., and L.Whetstone (2002). Substance Use and Weight Loss Tactics   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  among Middle School Youth. International Journal of Eating Disorders. MFMER:Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (2004). Over-the-Counter   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  weight-loss Products. MMFER. National Institute of Health (2004). Physical Activity and Weight Control. National Institute of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Health.

Greendale Stadium Case

BONTE Geoffrey KERTESZ Samuel BONTE Geoffrey KERTESZ Samuel Professors  : Elisabeth KJELLSTROM Nikos MACHERIDIS Professors  : Elisabeth KJELLSTROM Nikos MACHERIDIS ASSIGNMENT 1: Essay on a case Greendale Stadium Case ASSIGNMENT 1: Essay on a case Greendale Stadium Case FEKH13 – Project Management A Business Perspective FEKH13 – Project Management A Business Perspective November 19 2012 November 19 2012 Questions 4th Edition of the book. 1. Will the project be able to be completed by the May 20 deadline? How long will it take? Yes, the project will be finished by March 27th 2009. That means 54 calendar days ahead of schedule.It takes 695 days to be completed. 2. What is the critical path for the project? There are two critical paths that share the same beginning and end. They differ from only two separate activities: * Clear Stadium Site => Drive Support Piles => Pour Lower Concrete Bowl => Pour Main Concourse => Install Seats => Construct Steel Canopy => Light Insta llation => Inspection. * Clear Stadium Site => Drive Support Piles => Pour Lower Concrete Bowl => Construct Upper Steel Bowl => Install Seats => Construct Steel Canopy => Light Installation => Inspection.If the total project time has to be reduced, the length of the critical path has to be shortened. The length of critical path is equal to the sum of durations of critical tasks. Here, it is equal to 695 days. Any delay of a critical task will delay the entire project. The essential technique for using CPM is to construct a model of the project that includes the following: * A list of all activities required to complete the project (typically categorized within a work breakdown structure), * The time (duration) that each activity will take to completion, * The dependencies between the activities. 3.Based on the schedule would you recommend that G&E pursue this contract? Why? Include a one page Gantt chart for the stadium schedule. Yes as the estimated completion date is March 27th 20 09. It is 54 calendar days ahead the deadline, 38 working days. It means that they have a buffer of 38 working days. Moreover, even if there are two critical paths, as mentioned they differed from only two separate activities. Finally, if too much delay occurs, weekend or over-time can be used to catch up. Defining the Project Project overview Project name: Greendale Baseball Stadium. Location: Greendale, Milwaukee, US (hypothesis).Type: Design and build. Owner: G&E Company. Scope: Build 47,000 seats baseball stadium. Time frame: 01/07/2006 – 20/05/2009. Potential profit: $2,000,000. Penalty clause: $100,000 per day of delay. Step 1: Defining the Project scope A. Project objective To construct a 47,000 seats baseball stadium within 2 years, 10 months and 20 calendar days (i. e. : in time for the start of the 2009 season). The potential profit is $2,000,000. B. Deliverables 47,000 seats roofed baseball stadium including: playing field, luxury boxes, jumbotron (large-screen tel evision) bathrooms, lockers, restaurants etc. C. Milestones . Permits approved (if not already) – Before July 1st 2006. 2. Site ready for the construction – March 5th 2007. 3. Foundation poured, field, concourse and upper bowl completed – March 12th 2008. 4. Infrastructure and equipment installed, construction of the roof on a separate site done – October 20th 2008. 5. Installation of the roof and lights – February 27th 2009. 6. Inspection – March 27th 2009. D. Technical requirements (Hypothesis, based on FIFA technical sheets) 1. Pre-construction decisions: a. Playing field orientation, to take advantage of the day light. b. Environment compatibility of stadium use. . Community relations. d. Multi-purpose stadiums. 2. Safety: e. Structural safety. f. Fire prevention. g. Safe exits. h. Television surveillance system. 3. Playing area: i. Dimensions. j. Field type and quality (natural, artificial grass). k. Advertising boards around playing ar ea. l. Access to playing area. m. Exclusion of spectators from playing area. 4. Players and match officials: n. Access to dressing rooms. o. Dressing rooms, toilets. p. Access from team areas to playing field. q. First aid and treatment room. 5. Spectators: r. Standards of comfort for the seats. s. Communication with the public. t.Access for disabled persons. u. Merchandise concession stands. v. Ticketing control. w. Bathrooms. 6. Hospitality: x. Luxury boxes. y. Restaurants. 7. Media: z. Press box. {. Stadium media centre. |. Television infrastructure. 8. Lightning and power supply: }. Power supply. ~. Facility requirements. . Lightning design specifications and technology. . Environmental impact. 9. Structure . Retractable roof specifications. E. Limits and exclusions 1. Few specifications are given (poor content of appendix). 2. G&E build but will not manage. 3. Restaurants and cafeterias’ furniture are not included in the contract. . Contractor responsible for subcontrac ted work 5. Site work limited to Monday through Friday, 8:00 am to 6:00 pm. The following holidays are observed: January 1st, Memorial Day, July 4th, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, December 25 and 26. F. Customer review Unknown, but it could be the city sportive commission. Step 2: Establishing the Project Priorities â€Å"Quality and the ultimate success of a project are traditionally defined as meeting and/or exceeding the expectations of the customer and/or upper management in terms of cost (budget), time (schedule), and performance (scope) of the project. A good trade-off has to be made among time, cost and performance. The objective of the project is a Baseball Stadium that we assumed has to last for at least 50 years. Thus project priorities are especially performance but also time as the stadium has to be finished before season start of 2009. Cost has to be taken into account, but doesn’t not represent the main focus within this project. Because of that, this project re present a risk for G&E as cost flexibility is really limited. | Time| Performance| Cost| Constraint| | | | Enhance| | | |Accept| | | | Figure 1: Project Priority Matrix Time: The schedule of the project has to be respected otherwise a penalty clause of $100,000 per day will be applied, which represents 5% of the estimated profits of the project. But it can be reduce. This is why it is a enhance priority. Performance: Performance of the project is fixed, they can’t be compromised and has to be respected. Cost: Going over budget is acceptable though not desirable, especially considering the small estimated profit in comparison of the size of the project.Step 3: Creating the Work Breakdown Structure The WBS is a map of the project, â€Å"it is an outline of the project with different levels of detail. † We divided it into 3 main points: 1. Initial planning and discussions with management team This category regroups the upper management decisions. It analyses the whole pro ject and selects a project manager as well as a team. 2. Project management activities This category regroups the middle management issues such as cost management, human resources managements, risk management†¦ 3. Building stadiumThis category specified in order the tasks needed for the construction of the stadium. They are the same as the ones used in the Gantt chart. REFERENCES Baker, S. (2004). Critical Path Method (CPM), University of South Carolina, Health Services Policy and Management Courses. FIFA. (2007). Football Stadiums: Technical recommendations and requirements (4th edition), [pdf]. From http://www. fifa. com/mm/document/tournament/competition/football_stadiums _technical_recommendations_and_requirements_en_8211. pdf Gray, C. , Larson, R. (2008).Project Management: the managerial process (Fourth Edition). Singapore: Mc Graw Hill, International Edition. ——————————————à ¢â‚¬â€œ [ 1 ]. Baker, S. (2004). Critical Path Method (CPM), University of South Carolina, Health Services Policy and Management Courses. [ 2 ]. FIFA. (2007). Football Stadiums: Technical recommendations and requirements (4th edition). [ 3 ]. Gray, C. , Larson, R. (2008). Project Management: the managerial process, p. 95. [ 4 ]. Gray, C. , Larson, R. (2008). Project Management: the managerial process, p. 97.

Brand Management Case Study Essay

1.0 Summary Communities across the United States are enjoying healthier food grown by local farmers; and farmers are reaping better returns and helping to revitalize rural and urban communities by selling close to home instead of through distant markets. Local marketing has expanded beyond farmers’ markets and farmlands, although these are still popular and the number of US farmers’ markets is growing rapidly. New regional supply networks are linking farmers with their customers in innovative ways and taking advantage of opportunities for marketing to institutions such as public schools, hospitals and universities. In the process, they are bringing a host of other benefits to communities within the networks. But significant barriers must be overcome to increase the potential of these new marketing mechanisms and expand them to meet the needs of underserved farmers and customers. 2.0 Different Policies To do marketing easily, there are different policies that we should adopt. Some of the key policies are given below: †¢ Identify infrastructural gaps and other barriers that prevent local and regional farmers from marketing more of their crops, livestock and value added products within the region. †¢ Give small†scale and mid†scale farmers the tools they need to meet growing consumer demand for local and regional products, such as financing and technical assistance to make the transition to crops customers want and more sustainable production methods. †¢ Expand the infrastructure needed for local agricultural production and the processing and distribution of locally grown produce, meats, dairy, and other products. †¢ Ensure that farmers and consumers who have been underserved by farm and food policy benefit from these steps. Underserved farmers, including socially disadvantaged, women, and beginning farmers, benefit particularly from local and regional markets because they can accommodate small scale producers. †¢ Support mechanisms and access to information that farmers can use to aggregate regional supply in order to access high†volume markets such as large institutions. †¢ Enforce existing restrictions against excessive concentration of buying power and tighten up legislation to allow fair competition for smaller†scale processors, distributors and retailers. †¢ Support training, resources, assistance and credit for beginning farmers and youth interested in farming and food†related careers. †¢ Accommodate needs of small†scale and mid†scale enterprises in food processing regulations. †¢ Facilitate the development of convenient local and regional retail outlets for small†scale and mid†scale farmers. †¢ Compensate farmers for protecting the environment and maintaining the cultural and aesthetic values of working farmland. †¢ Educate the public about advantages of buying locally and regionally grown food. †¢ Fund the establishment of local and regional food policy councils. 3.0 Scopes of new marketing opportunities †¢ Remove of infrastructure gap and other barriers according to the policy local and regional farmers can expand their business and can inform the broader target customers to fulfil their demands with their products. †¢ If funding is possible for small and mid level farmers they supply the accurate quantity of product during the time in the time of increasing demand which will provide trust and strong customer relationship with them. †¢ Infrastructure expansion will lead to produce better quality of agricultural production and distribution that will create a brand image of the regional farmer toward the customers. †¢ Support mechanism and access of adequate information about customer’s demand and wants will help farmers gain the satisfied and loyal customers. †¢ Training, resources, assistance and credit for beginning farmers will make them competitive and efficient to agricultural field. †¢ Improvement in food processing area will improve the quality of goods as well as the health condition of the customers. †¢ When people will learn the advantage of having regional grown food the farmers will get more opportunities to produce and serve the customers according to the demands.[pic]

How to Recognize a Legitimate College Honor Society

How to Recognize a Legitimate College Honor Society Phi Beta Kappa, the first honor society, was established in 1776. Since then, dozens - if not hundreds - of other college honor societies have been established, covering all academic fields, and also specific fields, such as the natural sciences, English, engineering, business, and political science. According to the Council for the Advancement of Standards in Higher Education (CAS), â€Å"honor societies exist primarily to recognize the attainment of scholarship of a superior quality.† In addition, the CAS notes â€Å"a few societies recognize the development of leadership qualities and commitment to service and excellence in research in addition to a strong scholarship record.† However, with so many organizations, students might not be able to distinguish between legitimate and fraudulent college honor societies.   Legit or Not? One way to evaluate the legitimacy of an honor society is to look at its history. â€Å"Legitimate honor societies have a long history and legacy that is easily recognizable,† according to Hannah Breaux, who is the communications director for Phi Kappa Phi. The honor society was founded at the University of Maine in 1897. Breaux tells ThoughtCo, â€Å"Today, we have chapters on more than 300 campuses in the United States and the Philippines, and have initiated over 1.5 million members since our founding.† According to C. Allen Powell, executive director and co-founder of the National Technical Honor Society (NTHS), â€Å"Students should find out if the organization is a registered, non-profit, educational organization or not.† This information should be prominently displayed on the society’s website. â€Å"For-profit honor societies should usually be avoided and tend to promise more services and benefits than they deliver,† Powell warns. The organization’s structure should also be evaluated. Powell says students should determine, â€Å"Is it a school/college chapter-based organization or not?  Must a candidate be recommended by the school for membership, or can they join directly without school documentation?† High academic achievement is usually another requirement. For example, eligibility for Phi Kappa Phi requires juniors to be ranked in the top 7.5% of their class, and seniors and graduate students must be ranked in the top 10% of their class. The members of the National Technical Honor Society may be in high school, tech college, or college; however, all students need to have at least a 3.0 GPA on a 4.0 scale.   Powell also thinks it is a good idea to ask for references.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"A list of member schools and colleges should be found on the organization’s website – go to those member school web sites and get references.† Faculty members can also provide guidance.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Students who have concerns about the legitimacy of an honor society should also consider talking to an advisor or faculty member on campus,† Breaux suggests. â€Å"Faculty and staff can serve as a great resource in helping a student determine whether or not a particular honor society’s invitation is credible or not.† Certification status is another way to evaluate an honor society. Steve Loflin, past president of the Association of College Honor Societies (ACHS) and CEO founder of The National Society of Collegiate Scholars, says, â€Å"Most institutions value ACHS certification as the best way to know the honor society meets high standards.† Loflin warns that some organizations aren’t true honor societies. â€Å"Some of these student organizations are masquerading as honor societies, meaning they use ‘honor society’ as a hook, but they are for-profit companies and do not have academic criteria or standards that would meet the ACHS guidelines for certified honor societies.† For students considering an invitation, Loflin says, â€Å"Recognize that non-certified groups are potentially not transparent about their business practices and can’t deliver the prestige, tradition and value of certified honor society membership.†Ã‚  The ACHS provides a checklist that students can use to evaluate the legitimacy of a non-certified honor society. To Join or Not to Join?   What are the benefits of joining a college honor society? Why should students consider accepting an invitation? â€Å"In addition to the academic recognition, joining an honor society can provide a number of benefits and resources that extend beyond a student’s academic career and into their professional lives,† Breaux says. â€Å"At Phi Kappa Phi, we like to say that membership is more than a line on a rà ©sumà ©,† Breaux adds, noting some of the membership benefits as follows: â€Å"The ability to apply for a number of awards and grants valued at $1.4 million each biennium; our extensive award programs provide everything from $15,000 Fellowships for graduate school to $500 Love of Learning Awards for continuing education and professional development.† Also, Breaux says the honor society provides networking, career resources, and exclusive discounts from over 25 corporate partners. â€Å"We also offer leadership opportunities and much more as part of active membership in the Society,† Breaux says. Increasingly, employers say they want applicants with soft skills, and honor societies provide opportunities to develop these in-demand traits. We also wanted to get the perspective of someone who is a member of a college honor society. Darius Williams-McKenzie of Penn State-Altoona is a member of Alpha Lambda Delta National Honor Society for First-Year College Students. â€Å"Alpha Lambda Delta has impacted my life tremendously,† Williams-McKenzie says. â€Å"Ever since my induction into the honor society, I have been more confident in my academics and in my leadership.† According to the National Association of College and Universities, potential employers place a premium on career readiness among job applicants. While some college honor societies are only open to juniors and seniors, he believes it’s important to be in an honor society as a freshman. â€Å"Being recognized by your colleagues as a freshman because of your academic achievements instills a confidence in you that you can build upon in your collegiate future.† When students do their homework, membership in an honor society can be quite beneficial. â€Å"Joining an established, respected honor society can be a good investment, since colleges, universities, and company recruiters look for evidence of achievement in the applicant’s documentation,† explains Powell. However, he ultimately advises students to ask themselves, â€Å"What is the cost of membership; are their services and benefits reasonable; and will they boost my profile and help in my career pursuits?

10 Silicon Facts (Element Number 14 or Si)

10 Silicon Facts (Element Number 14 or Si) Silicon is element number 14 on the periodic table, with the element symbol Si. Here is a collection of facts about this interesting and useful element: Silicon Fact Sheet Credit for discovering silicon is given to  Swedish chemist Jà ¶ns Jakob Berzelius, who reacted potassium fluorosilicate with potassium to produce amorphous silicon, which he named silicium, a name first proposed by Sir Humphry Davy in 1808. The name derives from the Latin words silex or silicis, which mean flint. Its probable English scientist Humphry Davy may have isolated impure silicon in 1808 and  French chemists Joseph L. Gay-Lussac and Louis Jacques Thà ©nard may have produced impure amorphous silicon in 1811. Berzelius is credited for the elements discovery because his sample was purified by repeatedly washing it, while earlier samples were impure.Scottish chemist Thomas Thomson named the element silicon in 1831, keeping part of the name Berzelius had given, but changing the ending of the name to -on because the element showed more similarities to boron and carbon than to the metals that had -ium names.Silicon is a metalloid, which means it has properties of both metals and nonmetals. Like other metalloids, silicon has different forms or allotropes. Amorphous silicon is usually seen as a gray powder, while crystalline silicon is a gray solid with a shiny, metallic appearance. Silicon conducts electricity better than nonmetals, yet not as well as metals. In other words, its a semiconductor. Silicon has a high thermal conductivity and conducts heat well.  Unlike metals, its brittle, and not malleable or ductile. Like carbon, it usually has a valence of 4 (tetravalent), but unlike carbon, silicon can also form five or six bonds.   Silicon is the second most abundant element on Earth by mass, making up over 27% of the crust. Its commonly encountered in silicate minerals, such as quartz and sand, but only rarely occurs as a free element. Its the 8th most abundant element in the universe, found at levels of about 650 parts per million. Its the principal element in a type of meteorite called aerolites.Silicon is needed for plant and animal life. Some aquatic organisms, such as diatoms, use the element to construct their skeletons. Humans need silicon for healthy skin, hair, nails, and bones, and to synthesize the proteins collagen and elastin. Dietary supplementation with silicon may increase bone density and reduce the risk of osteoporosis.Most silicon is used to produce the alloy ferrosilicon. Its used to produce steel. The element is purified to make semiconductors and other electronics. The compound silicon carbide is an important abrasive. Silicon dioxide is used to make glass. Because silicate minerals are c ommon, silicon oxides form rocks and are used to make glass and ceramics. Like water (and unlike most chemicals), silicon has a higher density as a liquid than as a solid.Natural silicon consists of three stable isotopes: silicon-28, silicon-29, and silicon-30. Silicon-28 is the most abundant, accounting for 92.23% of the natural element. At least twenty radioisotopes are also known, with the most stable being silicon-32, which has a half-life of 170 years.Miners, stone cutters, and people who live in sandy regions may inhale large quantities of silicon compounds and develop a lung disease called silicosis. Exposure to silicon may occur by inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, and eye contact. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) sets the legal limit for workplace exposure to silicon to  15  mg/m3  total exposure and 5  mg/m3  respiratory exposure for an 8-hour workday.Silicon is available at extremely high purity. Molten salt electrolysis of silica (silicon dioxide) or other silicon compounds can be used to obtain the element at 99.9% purity for use in semiconductors. The Siemens process is another method used to produce high purity silicon. This is a form of chemical vapor deposition where gaseous trichlorosilane is blown across a pure silicon rod to grow polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) with a purity of 99.9999%.   Silicon Atomic Data Element Name: Silicon Element Symbol: Si Atomic Number: 14 Classification: metalloid (semimetal) Appearance: Hard gray  solid with a silver metallic luster. Atomic Weight: 28.0855 Melting Point:  1414  oC, 1687 K Boiling Point:  3265  oC, 3538 K Electron Configuration:  1s2  2s2  2p6  3s2  3p2 Density: 2.33  g/cm3 (as a solid near room temperature); 2.57 g/cm3 (as a liquid at the melting point) Oxidation States: 4, 3, 2, 1, -1, -2, -3, -4 Electronegativity: 1.90 on the Pauling scale Atomic Radius: 111 pm Crystal Structure: face-centered diamond cubic Heat of Fusion: 50.21 kJ/mol Heat of Vaporization: 383 kJ/mol Reference Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

Effect of Cohabitation on Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Effect of Cohabitation on Marriage - Essay Example A number of evidences support these arguments for cohabitation and they were promptly included. Formal marriage is the traditional form of union in the United States, and certainly the most common. This trend, however, is slowly being displaced as more and more adults enter into informal cohabitational unions. (Brown et al. 2005, p. 3) A number of research has shown that these cohabitational relationships are formed initially, lasting with a half-life of only about one year and the majority of the unions proceeding to marriages. (Laumann et al., p. 205) With this initial fact, the aim of this paper is to argue that cohabitation for adults have good effects on marriage, improving the odds for the eventual happy relationship which could lead to a lower risk of divorce. Fundamentally, I believe that premarital cohabitation is a good preparation for marriage before entering into a lifelong contract and acquiring shared responsibility of parenting. The main advantage of premarital cohabitation is that it allows couples to learn more about each other, particularly about ones habits and idiosyncrasies and hence, mature in their relationship. According to Janell Caroll (2009), this setup allows partners to smoothen the rough spots in their relationship and see whether they would be able to take their relationship to the next level. (p. 224) In this context, one sees that cohabitation is a transitional stage – one that is between the stage of being single and marriage. It allows partners to have intimate co-residential union and other similarities to married life without the social and legal contract that bind marriage. It recognizes, wrote Thornton, Axinn and, Xie (2007), the contemporary norms about sex and living arrangements in America and provide an alternative for a single man and woman who find themselves in love and wanting to share each other’s lives more fully before marriage by starting to

Week 5 d1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Week 5 d1 - Essay Example Because of this, organizations can develop efficient and productive business process, which meets the expectations of the market. Management integration brings all operations under one roof or umbrella, which is the core in developing parameters for improvements as well as checking the progress (TechNet, 2014). Additionally, management integration helps in network management by event monitoring, security and reviewing performance (TechNet, 2014). It becomes easier to monitor the performances of an integrated management because all the departments are together. Similarly, it allows for automatic reporting that is vital to making the organization to progress (TechNet, 2014). Lastly, management integration assists in network management by offering support response as well as alert services that an organization may require at any given time (TechNet, 2014). It allows for timely delivery of information or critical data as may be needed at any given time to assist the organization is meeting the goals. For instance, Integration with IBM NetView network management system is essential in automatic reporting (TechNet, 2014). There are also other network management services, which offer different services required by the